by Abigail Marshall, DDAI Information Services Director
©DDAI. Reprinted with permission

Q2: Can teaching phonics intensively harm a dyslexic child?

A: Most dyslexic children have difficulty with phonetic decoding, for a variety of reasons. Some tend to have poor sequencing skills, so it is hard for them to retain the concept of sounding out letters in sequence, and then transitioning from each letter having a unique sound to blending consonants. They tend to be global or whole-to-part learners, and have difficulty understanding a step-to-step process that requires them to work with parts or segments of words, so translating letters to the sounds of words create an additional step in the process of word recognition and understanding.

Brain scans of dyslexic children have shown repeatedly that they tend to process the sounds of words differently than non-dyslexic children. Because of this, it can be anticipated that learning to read by a phonetic approach will be slow and laborious for most dyslexic children. It is somewhat similar to trying to force a left-handed child to write with the right hand. In the case of dyslexia, teaching phonics often amounts to forcing a visual thinker to learn to read with his ears rather than his eyes; an odd approach to dealing with a visual medium like print.

Generally, if attempts are made to force or pressure a child to read using strategies that are unnatural, it will create dyslexia in an at-risk or potentially dyslexic child, and will worsen the symptoms of dyslexia in a child who is already struggling. The child will become increasingly confused and disoriented. Added repetition or practice would tend to reinforce the confusion, frustration and sense of failure, as well as the disorientation, rather than to help the child actually learn to read. Once this pattern is set, the confusion becomes overwhelming, and the child can disorient even before attempting to read, perhaps as soon as seeing the teacher bring out the book. At that point, reading instruction would be impossible until the child is taught strategies to deal with the disorientation.

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